Adamu Kos Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Apple, Samsung a i ʻole TSMC, lohe pinepine mākou i nā kaʻina hana i hana ʻia ai kā lākou chips. He ʻano hana hana ia e hana ai i nā ʻāpana silika i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka liʻiliʻi o ka transistor hoʻokahi. Akā he aha ke ʻano o nā helu pākahi?
No ka laʻana, aia ka iPhone 13 i ka chip A15 Bionic, i hana ʻia me ka ʻenehana 5nm a loaʻa iā 15 billion transistors. Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ʻia ka chip A14 Bionic ma mua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana like, ʻoiai naʻe he 11,8 biliona transistors wale nō. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia iā lākou, aia nō hoʻi ka M1 chip, nona ka 16 billion transistors. ʻOiai na Apple ponoʻī nā chips, ua hana ʻia lākou e TSMC, ʻo ia ka mea hana semiconductor kūikawā nui loa a kūʻokoʻa.
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ʻO Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hui i ka makahiki 1987. Hāʻawi ia i kahi kōpili ākea o nā kaʻina hana hana, mai nā kaʻina micrometer kahiko i nā kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe loa e like me 7nm me ka ʻenehana EUV a i ʻole ka hana 5nm. Mai ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻomaka ʻo TSMC e hoʻohana i ka lithography nui no ka hana ʻana i nā chips 7nm a ua hoʻonui i kona hiki ke hana. I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hana serial o 5nm chips, nona ka 7% kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 80nm, akā he 15% kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole 30% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
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E hoʻomaka ka hana serial o 3nm chips i ka hapa lua o ka makahiki aʻe. Hoʻohiki kēia hanauna i ka 70% kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me 15% kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, a i ʻole 30% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kaʻina hana 5nm. Eia nō naʻe, he nīnau inā hiki iā Apple ke kau iā ia ma ka iPhone 14. Eia naʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o Czech. Wikipedia, Ua hoʻomohala mua ʻo TSMC i ka ʻenehana no ke kaʻina hana 1nm me ka launa pū me nā hoa pilikino a me nā hui ʻepekema. Hiki ke hele mai i ka hanana i kekahi manawa ma 2025. Eia naʻe, inā mākou e nānā i ka hoʻokūkū, hoʻolālā ʻo Intel e hoʻolauna i ka hana 3nm ma 2023, a me Samsung i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope.
Hiki paha hoihoi oe
Hōʻike 3 nm
Inā manaʻo ʻoe e pili ana ka 3nm i kekahi waiwai kino maoli o ka transistor, ʻaʻole ia. He huaʻōlelo kālepa a kūʻai paha ia i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana hana chip e kuhikuhi i kahi hanauna hou, i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia o nā chips semiconductor silicon e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka transistor density, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka mana. Ma kahi pōkole, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka chip i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina nm, ʻoi aku ka hou, ikaika a me ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa.
