Vratislav Holub ʻO ke kumu o nā kelepona Apple ʻo kā lākou chipset. Ma kēia ʻano, hilinaʻi ʻo Apple i kāna mau pahu ponoʻī mai ka ʻohana A-Series, nāna i hoʻolālā iā ia iho a laila hāʻawi i kā lākou hana iā TSMC (kekahi o nā mea hana semiconductor nui loa o ka honua me nā ʻenehana hou loa). Mahalo i kēia, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoia i ka hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻana ma waena o nā lako a me nā polokalamu a hūnā i ka hana ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma kāna kelepona ma mua o nā kelepona hoʻokūkū. Ua hele ka honua o nā chips i kahi loli lohi a kupaianaha i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, e hoʻomaikaʻi maoli ana i nā ʻano āpau.
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Amaya Toman Ma ka pili ʻana i nā chipsets, ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana i hāʻawi ʻia i nā nanometers. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka chip ponoʻī. ʻO ka helu ma nā nanometers e hōʻike pono ana i ka mamao ma waena o ʻelua mau electrodes - kumu a me ka puka - ma waena o laila aia kekahi puka e hoʻomalu i ke kahe o nā electrons. E waiho wale, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā electrodes (transistors) hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka chipset, a laila hoʻonui i kā lākou hana a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. A aia ma kēia ʻāpana i hana ʻia nā hana mana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, mahalo i hiki iā mākou ke hauʻoli i ka miniaturization ikaika loa. Hiki ke ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma nā iPhones iā lākou iho. I loko o nā makahiki o ko lākou ola ʻana, ua ʻike pinepine lākou i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kaʻina hana no kā lākou chips, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma ke kahua o ka hana.
Kaʻina hana liʻiliʻi = ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi chipset
No ka laʻana, ua hoʻolako ʻia kahi iPhone 4 me kahi chip Apple A4 (2010). He 32-bit chipset me kahi kaʻina hana 45nm, ka mea i hoʻolako ʻia e South Korea Samsung. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike A5 ua hoʻomau i ka hilinaʻi ma ke kaʻina hana 45nm no ka CPU, akā ua hoʻololi i ka 32nm no ka GPU. A laila ua puka mai kahi hoʻololi piha me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka chip Apple A6 i ka makahiki 2012, ka mea i hoʻoikaika i ka iPhone 5. I ka hiki ʻana mai o kēia hoʻololi, hāʻawi ka iPhone 5 i kahi CPU 30% wikiwiki. Eia nō naʻe, i kēlā manawa ke hoʻomaka nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā chips e loaʻa ka manawa. Ua hiki mai kahi hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ma 2013 me ka iPhone 5S, a i ʻole ka chip Apple A7. ʻO ia ka chipset 64-bit mua loa no nā kelepona, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana 28nm. I loko o 3 mau makahiki wale nō, hiki iā Apple ke hōʻemi iā ia ma kahi kokoke i ka hapalua. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano o ka hana CPU a me GPU, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ʻelua mau manawa.
iPhone 5S
I ka makahiki aʻe (2014), ua noi ʻo ia no ka huaʻōlelo iPhone 6 a me 6 Plus, kahi āna i kipa ai. Apple A8. Ma ke ala, ʻo ia ka chipset mua loa, ka mea i hana ʻia e ka TSMC nui Taiwanese i ʻōlelo ʻia. Ua hele mai kēia ʻāpana me kahi kaʻina hana 20nm a hāʻawi i kahi 25% ʻoi aku ka mana CPU a me 50% ʻoi aku ka mana GPU. No nā ʻeono i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ka iPhone 6S a me 6S Plus, ʻo ka Cupertino pili nui ma kahi pahu. Apple A9, he mea hoihoi loa ia ma kona ano iho. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kāna hana e TSMC a me Samsung, akā me kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana. ʻOiai ua hana nā hui ʻelua i ka chip like, ua puka mai kekahi hui me kahi kaʻina hana 16nm (TSMC) a ʻo kekahi me kahi kaʻina 14nm (Samsung). ʻOiai naʻe, ʻaʻole i puka mai nā ʻokoʻa o ka hana. He mau lono wale nō i hoʻolaha ʻia ma waena o nā mea hoʻohana apple e hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki ana nā iPhones me kahi chip Samsung ma lalo o nā ukana koi nui, ʻo ia kekahi ʻoiaʻiʻo. I kekahi hihia, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Apple ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua he ʻokoʻa kēia i ka laulā o 2 a 3 pakeneka, a no laila ʻaʻohe hopena maoli.
ʻO ka hana chip no ka iPhone 7 a me 7 Plus, ʻO Apple A10 Fusion, ua waiho ʻia ma ka lima o TSMC i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, a ua noho mau ka mea hana kūʻokoʻa mai ia manawa. ʻAʻole i loli ke kumu hoʻohālike e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana, ʻoiai ʻo 16nm. ʻOiai, ua hiki iā Apple ke hoʻonui i kāna hana e 40% no ka CPU a me 50% no ka GPU. Ua ʻoi aku kona hoihoi Apple A11 Bionic ma iPhones 8, 8 Plus a me X. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka mea hope i kahi kaʻina hana 10nm a no laila ua ʻike i kahi hoʻomaikaʻi kumu. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nui o nā cores. ʻOiai ua hāʻawi ka puʻupuʻu A10 Fusion i ka huina o 4 CPU cores (2 ikaika a me 2 waiwai), ʻo ka A11 Bionic he 6 o lākou (2 ikaika a me 4 waiwai). Ua loaʻa i nā mea ikaika he 25% acceleration, a ma ke ʻano o nā mea waiwai, he 70% ka wikiwiki.
Ua huki ʻia ka pilikua Cupertino i ka honua iā ia iho ma 2018 me ka chip Apple A12 Bionic, ka mea i lilo i ka chipset mua loa me kahi kaʻina hana 7nm. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike ka mana o ka iPhone XS, XS Max, XR, a me ka iPad Air 3, iPad mini 5 a i ʻole iPad 8. ʻO kāna mau cores ikaika ʻelua he 11% wikiwiki a me 15% ʻoi aku ka hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka A50 Bionic, ʻoiai nā ʻehā. Hoʻopau nā kumu waiwai i ka 50% ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana ma mua o ka chip mua. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka Apple chip ma ke kaʻina hana like A13 Bionic i manaʻo ʻia no iPhone 11, 11 Pro, 11 Pro Max, SE 2 a me iPad 9. ʻO kāna mau cores ikaika he 20% wikiwiki a me 30% ʻoi aku ka waiwai, aʻo ka mea waiwai i loaʻa iā 20% acceleration a me 40% ʻoi aku ka hoʻokele waiwai. A laila wehe ʻo ia i ke au o kēia manawa Apple A14 Bionic. Ua hele mua ia i ka iPad Air 4, a i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope mai ua ʻike ʻia ma ka hanauna iPhone 12. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ia ka mea kūʻai mua loa i kūʻai ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi chipset e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana 5nm. Ma ka ʻōlelo o ka CPU, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e 40% a ma GPU e 30%. Hāʻawi ʻia mākou i ka iPhone 13 me kahi chip Apple A15 Bionic, i hoʻokumu hou ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana 5nm. ʻO nā chips mai ka ʻohana M-Series, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hilinaʻi i ka hana like. Hoʻokomo ʻo Apple iā lākou ma Mac me Apple Silicon.
Photogallery
He aha ka wā e hiki mai ana
I ka hāʻule, pono ʻo Apple e hāʻawi iā mākou i kahi hanauna hou o nā kelepona Apple, ʻo ka iPhone 14. Wahi a nā leaks a me nā manaʻo manaʻo, e kaena nā hiʻohiʻona Pro a me Pro Max i kahi puʻupuʻu Apple A16 hou loa, hiki ke hele mai me ka hana 4nm. kaʻina hana. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, ua kamaʻilio ʻia kēia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma waena o nā mea kanu apple, akā hōʻole nā leaks hou i kēia loli. ʻIke ʻia, "wale nō" mākou e ʻike i kahi kaʻina hana 5nm i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia mai TSMC, e hōʻoia i ka 10% ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ka hoʻohana mana. No laila e hiki mai ka hoʻololi i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ma kēia kuhikuhi, aia kekahi kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana 3nm kipi, kahi e hana pololei ai ʻo TSMC me Apple. Eia nō naʻe, ua hiki i ka hana o nā chipsets kelepona i kahi pae ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, kahi e hana ʻole ai ka holomua liʻiliʻi.
Hiki paha hoihoi oe
E lele ana a puni ka honua me Apple 