Pani hoʻolaha

"Ua pau mākou, ua haʻi aku mākou i ka panakalupa." ʻO ia ke ʻano o ke poʻo o GT Advanced Technologies, ka hui i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi i kahi sapphire nui iā Cupertino, kāhāhā iā Apple ma ʻOkakopa 6. Me he mea lā ʻelua wale nō ala e lilo ai i hoa Apple: lanakila nui a i ʻole holo ʻole.

ʻIke ʻia, ua like ka pilina ma waena o Apple a me GT: "Eia nā ʻōlelo āu e ʻae ai a ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i ka sapphire no mākou ma hope loa ua maʻa ʻo GT i nā piliona kālā a ʻae i nā ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻole. Akā ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ke kālā - ka panakalupa o ka hui. ʻO ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo paʻakikī āu e hana ai inā pili ʻoe me Apple.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi kiʻi kūpono e ka hihia o GT Advanced Technologies i kēia manawa, e kuhikuhi ana i kahi kaulahao lako i pololei i ka millimeter, ʻoiai ua hoʻoponopono ʻia. Hoʻopiʻi ʻo Apple i loko a, mai kahi kūlana ikaika, hiki iā ia ke koi i kāna mau hoa e ʻae i nā kūlana i kūpono loa iā ia, ʻoiai inā i ka hopena hiki ʻole ke hiki. A laila ua lawa ka kānalua iki a ua pau. Ke hiki ʻole mai nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia, nānā ʻo Tim Cook a ʻimi i kahi hoa "ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi".

Lawe a waiho paha

ʻO ia ka luna hoʻokele o ka hui Kaleponi i kēia manawa, ka mea i nā makahiki i hala, aia nō ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi hana, ua hōʻuluʻulu i kahi kaulahao hana pono o nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻolako o nā ʻano mea like ʻole no nā huahana apple, a laila hiki iā Apple ke loaʻa i ka nā lima o nā mea kūʻai. Pono e hana i nā mea a pau, a ma Cupertino ua mālama mau lākou i nā ʻaelike āpau a me nā kuleana pili i lalo.

[do action=”citation”]Ua pau ka hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hiki i ka hopena pōʻino.[/do]

I hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa i ka lumi kuke o kēia ʻoihana kūleʻa. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Apple i kahi kuʻikahi nui me GT Advanced Technologies i Nowemapa 2013, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kūkulu i kahi hale hana sapphire nui i ka wā e hana ana i nā haneli o nā hana ma Arizona. Akā ʻo ka wikiwiki i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō: ʻo ʻOkakopa 2014, ke waiho nei ʻo GT no ka panakalupa, ʻaʻohe hana o nā haneli he nui, a ʻaʻohe wahi i ʻike ʻia ka hana sapphire. ʻO ka hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka helu hope ʻana, ʻoiai e hōʻike ʻia nā palapala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka hana banekorupa.

No Apple, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau pilikia. ʻOiai ma Asia, kahi e hana ai ka hapa nui o kāna mau mea hoʻolako, e hana mālie a ma waho o ke kukui, ua nānā ʻia ke kuʻikahi me New Hampshire-based GT Advanced Technologies e ka media a me ka lehulehu mai ka hoʻomaka. He hoʻolālā wiwo ʻole nā ​​hui ʻelua: e kūkulu i kahi hale hana nunui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hana ana i 30 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka sapphire ma mua o nā hale hana ʻē aʻe o ka honua. I ka manawa like, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa ma ka honua, i hana ʻia i loko o nā kapuahi i hoʻomehana ʻia a hiki i ʻelua kaukani degere Celsius a ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke aniani. ʻO kāna hana ma hope he koi like.

Akā, ua hoʻopauʻia ka papahana holoʻokoʻa mai ka hoʻomakaʻana a hiki i ka hopena pōʻino. ʻO nā kūlana a Apple i ʻōlelo ai iā lākou iho he mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō, a he mea kupanaha loa hiki i nā luna GT ke kau inoa i kēlā mau ʻaelike.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hōʻoia wale kēia i nā mākau kūkākūkā o Apple a me kona kūlana ikaika, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i kona pono i ka nui loa. Ma ka hihia o GT, ua hoʻoili ʻo Apple i nā kuleana āpau i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe a hiki ke loaʻa kālā mai kēia hui. ʻO ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka mea e mālama pono ai nā luna o Cupertino. Hōʻole lākou i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kā lākou mau hoa hana ma ke ʻano o ka banekorupa. I ka wā o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me GT, ua ʻōlelo lākou he mau ʻōlelo maʻamau kēia i loaʻa iā Apple me nā mea hoʻolako ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole i wehewehe hou i ka mea. Lawe a waiho paha.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo GT iā lākou, e ʻimi ʻo Apple i kahi mea hoʻolako ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono nā kūlana a ʻo GT, e like me ka mea ma hope, ua lawe mai i ka luku, ʻo ka hoʻokele o ka ʻoihana e hana nui ana ma ke kahua o nā cell solar a laila koho i nā mea āpau ma ke kāleka hoʻokahi - kahi hui maikaʻi me Apple, ʻoiai ʻo ia e lawe nui mai. pilikia, akā, loaʻa pū kekahi mau piliona.

He moeʻuhane ma ka pepa, he fiasco i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hui kuʻikahi ʻAmelika, kahi e hōʻoia ai ʻo Apple i kāna mau ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka manaʻo e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana i ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa - ʻaʻole ma ka pepa. Ma waena o nā hana ʻē aʻe, ua hana ʻo GT i nā umu no ka hana ʻana i ka sapphire, a ua ʻike mua ʻo Apple iā ia ma Pepeluali 2013, i ka wā i hōʻike ai i ke aniani sapphire ma ka iPhone 5 hōʻike, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o Gorilla Glass. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻohana wale ʻo Apple i ka sapphire e uhi i ka sensor Touch ID a me ka lens kamera, akā naʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kahi hapahā piha o nā sapphire i hana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

I Malaki o kēlā makahiki, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Apple's GT e hoʻomohala ana i kahi umu ahi e hiki ke hana i nā cylinders sapphire he 262 kilokani. ʻElua kēia o ka nui o nā puke i hana mua ʻia. ʻO ka hana ʻana ma nā ʻano nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui o nā hōʻike a me ka hōʻemi nui o nā kumukūʻai.

Wahi a nā palapala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka hana banekorupa, makemake mua ʻo Apple e kūʻai aku i 2 mau kapuahi e hana ai i ka sapphire. Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ua hoʻohuli nui ʻia, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā Apple ke loaʻa i kahi hui e hana i ka sapphire. Ua hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i kekahi o lākou, akā ua ʻōlelo ka lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi o lākou ma lalo o nā kūlana i kauoha ʻia e Apple, ʻaʻole hiki i kāna hui ke loaʻa kālā ma ka hana ʻana i ka sapphire.

No laila ua hoʻokokoke pololei ʻo Apple iā GT e hana i ka sapphire ponoʻī me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kapuahi, a no ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia he pilikia pū kekahi me ka margin 40% i koi ʻia e GT no nā umu, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻololi i nā hana. Ua hāʻawi hou aku ʻo GT i kahi hōʻaiʻē $578 miliona e ʻike ai i ka hale hana ʻo New Hampshire e kūkulu i 2 mau kapuahi a hana i kahi hale hana ma Mesa, Arizona. ʻOiai he nui nā huaʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻaelike no GT, e like me ka ʻae ʻole ʻia e kūʻai aku i ka sapphire i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o Apple, ua ʻae ka hui i ka hāʻawi.

Ma ke aloha o Apple

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo GT i ka emi ʻana o kāna ʻoihana cell cell, no laila, ʻike ʻia ka hana sapphire he koho hoihoi e hoʻomau i ka loaʻa kālā. ʻO ka hopena he ʻaelike i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ka lā hope o ʻOkakopa 2013. Mai ka hana ʻana me Apple, ua hoʻohiki ʻo GT e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pālua o kāna loaʻa kālā ma 2014, me ka sapphire e helu ana ma kahi o 80 pakeneka o kāna loaʻa makahiki, mai kahi hapa o kēlā. . Akā ua ʻike ʻia nā pilikia mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana.

[do action=”citation”]He 30 lā ka hana ʻana o kahi pahu sapphire nui a kūʻai ʻia ma kahi o 20 tausani kālā.[/do]

Hāʻawi ʻo Apple i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kā GT i hoʻolālā ai no ka sapphire a hōʻole ʻo ia e haʻalele, waiho iā GT e kūʻai aku i ka sapphire iā ia me ka poho. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻaelike i kau inoa ʻia e hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia he $650 inā ʻae ʻo ia e hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o nā kapuahi $200 e kekahi hui ʻē aʻe, he $640 ka uku inā kūʻai aku ʻo ia i ka kristal 262-kilogram i kahi mea hoʻokūkū, a me $320 uku no kēlā me kēia hope. ka lawe ʻana i ke aniani (a i ʻole $77 no ka millimeter o ka sapphire). I ka manawa like, hiki iā Apple ke hoʻopau i kāna kauoha i kēlā me kēia manawa.

Ua loaʻa iā GT he $50 miliona ka uku no kēlā me kēia uhaki o ka hūnā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻike ʻana i nā pilina aelike ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Eia hou, ʻaʻohe pāpā like ʻo Apple. I nā nīnau he nui a GT e pili ana i nā kikoʻī e pili ana iā Apple, ua pane ka hui Kaleponi he mau kūlana like kēia me nā mea hoʻolako ʻē aʻe.

Ua kau inoa ʻia ka ʻaelike i nā lā wale nō ma hope o ka puka mua ʻana o ka sapphire kristal hoʻokahi 262-kilogram mai ka umu GT. Eia naʻe, ua pohā loa kēia puʻupuʻu i hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo GT iā Apple e hoʻonui ka maikaʻi.

ʻO nā kristal sapphire i hōʻino ʻia i hana ʻia ma Arizona. Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā kiʻi e Apple i nā mea hōʻaiʻē o GT

No ka hana nui ʻana o ka sapphire, ua hoʻolimalima koke ʻo GT i nā limahana 700, i hana wikiwiki ʻia a hiki i ka hopena o kēia pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli o nā lālā hou o ka hui ʻaʻole maopopo maoli i ka mea e pane aku ai, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka luna mua. . ʻElua mau limahana hana mua i ʻōlelo ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ka hele ʻana ma kekahi ʻano, no laila nui ka poʻe i lawe i ka manawa hoʻomaha.

I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻae nā luna o GT i ka wā lōʻihi ʻole e hoʻopiha i nā kapuahi me nā mea hana sapphire, akā i kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole i lawa nā kapuahi i kūkulu hou ʻia, i hopena i ka haunaele. Wahi a nā limahana mua ʻelua, nui ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole i ka mea e hana ai a hele wāwae wale lākou a puni ka hale hana. Akā i ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia i ka hua o ka hui holoʻokoʻa - ka hana ʻana o ka sapphire.

He 30 mau lā e hana ai a kūʻai ʻia ma kahi o 20 kālā (ʻoi aku ma mua o 440 kalaunu). Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapalua o nā cylinders sapphire i hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia, e like me nā kumu i kamaʻāina i nā hana a Apple. Ma ka hale hana ma Mesa, ua hana ʻia kahi "kupapau" kūikawā no lākou, kahi i hōʻiliʻili ai nā kristal hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo GT COO Daniel Squiller i ka waiho ʻana i ka banekorupa ua nalowale kāna ʻoihana i ʻekolu mahina o ka hana ʻana ma muli o ka pau ʻana o ka mana a me ka lohi o ka hana ʻana i nā hale hana. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Apple e hāʻawi i ka uila a kūkulu i ka hale hana, akā ua haʻi aku ʻo Apple i ka poʻe ʻaiʻē a GT ua banekorupa ka hui ma muli o ka hoʻokele hewa ʻana, ʻaʻole ka pau ʻana o ka mana. Ua pane ʻo GT i kēia ʻōlelo he mau manaʻo hoʻopunipuni a pololei ʻole paha kēia.

Ke hāʻule nei ka hana Sapphire

Akā ʻo kahi mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka mana a i ʻole ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻole i alakaʻi iā GT i ka panakalupa. I ka hopena o ʻApelila, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Apple i ka hapa hope o kāna hōʻaiʻē $139 miliona no ka mea ua ʻōlelo ʻo GT ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i ka maikaʻi o ka sapphire. Ma ka hana banekorupa, ua wehewehe ʻo GT ua hoʻololi mau ʻo Apple i ka kikoʻī o ka mea a pono e hoʻolilo ʻo ia i 900 miliona kālā o kāna kālā ponoʻī no ka hana ʻana i ka hale hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau kālā i hōʻaiʻē ʻia mai Apple a hiki i kēia manawa.

Eia kekahi, ʻōlelo nā luna o GT ʻo Apple a me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mesa ke kuleana no ka pau ʻana o ka hale hana ʻo Arizona. ʻO ka papa mua o ke kūkulu ʻana i hoʻopau wale ʻia i ka mahina ʻo Dekemaba 2013, a waiho wale i ʻeono mahina no ka hana piha. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka mana i ʻōlelo ʻia, i ka wā i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ʻo Apple i hōʻole ʻole e hāʻawi i nā kumu mana hoʻihoʻi, pono paha i hoʻopau ʻia ʻekolu mahina.

No laila, i ka lā 6 o Iune, ua hui ʻo GT CEO Thomas Gutierrez me ʻelua mau hope pelekikena o Apple e haʻi iā lākou he pilikia nui i ka hana ʻana i ka sapphire. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi palapala i kapa ʻia ʻo "What Happened", i helu i nā pilikia 17 e like me ka lawelawe pono ʻole ʻana i nā umu. ʻO ka leka a Apple i ka poʻe ʻaiʻē e ʻōlelo ana ua hele mai ʻo Gutierrez i Cupertino e ʻae i kona lanakila ʻana. Ma hope o kēia hālāwai, ua ho'ōki ʻo GT i ka hana ʻana i nā kristal he 262 kilokani a ua kālele ʻo ia i ka 165 kilokani i mea e holomua ai ka hana.

I ka wā i holomua ai ka hana ʻana o ia ʻano sapphire cylinder, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻike daimana e ʻoki i nā pōhaku lepo 14-inihi ma ke ʻano o nā kelepona hou ʻelua, ʻo ka iPhone 6 a me ka iPhone 6 Plus. E ʻoki ʻia nā pōhaku lepo i ka lōʻihi e hana i kahi hōʻike. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻo GT a i ʻole ʻo Apple inā i manaʻo maoli ʻia ka sapphire e hoʻohana ʻia i ka hanauna hou o iPhones, hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka sapphire a Apple e noi nei no ka manawa pōkole, ʻoi loa ia.

Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, i ka mahina ʻo ʻAukake, e like me ka ʻōlelo a kekahi limahana mua, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi pilikia nui ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hana ponoʻī, no ka mea, ua nalowale koke nā 500 sapphire ingots. He mau hola ma hope mai, ua ʻike nā limahana ua hoʻouna ka luna i nā pōhaku lepo e hana hou ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a inā ʻaʻole hiki iā GT ke hoʻihoʻi mai, inā ua nalowale nā ​​haneli haneli. ʻOiai i kēlā manawa, akā naʻe, ua maopopo ʻaʻole e hana ʻo sapphire i nā hōʻike o nā iPhones "ʻeono" hou, i kūʻai ʻia ma Kepakemapa 19.

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Apple i ka sapphire a makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomau i ka loaʻa ʻana o ia mea mai nā umu ma Mesa. I loko o kahi leka i ka poʻe ʻaiʻē, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma hope mai ua loaʻa iā ia he 10 pakeneka o ka puke i ʻōlelo ʻia mai GT. Eia naʻe, hōʻike ka poʻe kokoke i ka hana a GT ua hana like ʻole ʻo Apple ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai aku. I kekahi manawa ua ʻae ʻo ia i nā pōhaku lepo āna i hōʻole ai i kekahi mau lā ma mua ma muli o ke ʻano haʻahaʻa a pēlā aku.

Ua pau mākou, ua haki

I ka pule mua o Kepakemapa o kēia makahiki, ua haʻi aku ʻo GT iā Apple he pilikia nui ke kahe kālā a noi aku i kāna hoa hana e uku i ka hapa hope o ka hōʻaiʻē 139 miliona. I ka manawa like, makemake ʻo GT iā Apple e hoʻomaka e uku hou aku i ke kālā no nā lako sapphire mai 2015. Ma ʻOkakopa 1, manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi ʻo Apple iā GT $100 miliona o ka $139 miliona mua a hoʻopanee i ka papa hana uku. I ka manawa like, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia e hāʻawi i kahi kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe no ka sapphire i kēia makahiki a kūkākūkā i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai no 2015, kahi e hiki ai iā GT ke wehe i ka puka e kūʻai aku i ka sapphire i nā hui ʻē aʻe.

[do action=”citation”]Ua makaʻu nā mana o GT iā Apple, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i haʻi iā ia e pili ana i ka banekorupa.[/do]

Ua ʻae nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e kūkākūkā i nā mea āpau ma ka lā 7 ʻOkakopa ma Cupertino. Mahope koke iho o ka hora ehiku o ke kakahiaka o ka la 6 o Okatoba, ua kani ke kelepona o ka hope peresidena o Apple. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ʻo GT CEO Thomas Gutierrez, nāna i haʻi i ka nūhou maikaʻi: ua waiho kāna hui no ka panakalupa 20 mau minuke ma mua. I kēlā manawa, ua lohe ʻo Apple no ka manawa mua e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā e haʻi i ka panakalupa, kahi a GT i hoʻokō ai. Wahi a nā kumu mai GT, makaʻu kāna mau luna e hoʻāʻo ʻo Apple e pale i kā lākou hoʻolālā, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i haʻi mua iā ia.

Ua ʻōlelo ka luna hoʻokele nui ʻo Squiller, ʻo ka waiho ʻana i ka panakalupa a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pale mai ka poʻe ʻaiʻē ʻo ia wale nō ke ala e puka ai ʻo GT mai kāna mau ʻaelike me Apple a loaʻa ka manawa e hoʻopakele iā ia iho. ʻO ia me Squiller, me ka luna hoʻokele ʻo Gutierrez, ke kūkākūkā pū ʻia nei inā ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia hanana no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ua ʻike maoli ka luna hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā pilikia kālā, a ʻo nā luna GT ʻelua i ʻōlelo ʻia i hoʻomaka e kūʻai aku i kā lākou mau ʻāpana i kekahi mau mahina ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ka banekorupa. Ua kūʻai aku ʻo Gutierrez i nā ʻāpana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, Iune a me Iulai i kēlā me kēia, a laila hoʻopau ʻo Squiller i nā ʻāpana no ka miliona miliona ma hope o ka hōʻole ʻana o Apple e uku i ka hapa hope o ka hōʻaiʻē. Eia naʻe, mālama ʻo GT i kēia mau kūʻai i hoʻolālā ʻia a ʻaʻole wikiwiki, neʻe impulsive. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nā hana a nā luna GT.

Ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka panakalupa, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻāpana GT i lalo, kahi i holoi pono ai i ka ʻoihana kokoke i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa piliona kālā mai ka mākeke. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Apple ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i ka sapphire, akā ʻaʻole ia i maopopo i ka wā e hoʻi hou ai i kāna hana nui, a inā e hana ʻia i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā palapala i paʻi ʻia mai ka hihia ʻo GT Advanced Technologies hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu iā ia a paʻakikī ke kūkākūkā ʻana me nā hoa pili ʻē aʻe, e ʻoi aku ka makaʻala ma hope o ka hopena pōʻino o ka mea hana sapphire. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu i hakakā ikaika ai ʻo Apple ma ka ʻaha e hoʻolaha i ka helu liʻiliʻi loa o nā palapala huna.

Puna: WSJ, ke Kahu
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