Adamu Kos Ma keʻano laulā, ua maʻa mākou i kaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka nui o kekahi mea,ʻo ia ka maikaʻi. Akā ʻaʻole pili kēia lakio i ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana hana o nā kaʻina hana a me nā chips, no ka mea, eia ka ʻokoʻa. ʻOiai inā e pili ana i ka hana, hiki iā mākou ke haʻalele iki i ka helu nanometer, ʻo ia ka mea nui o ke kūʻai aku.
ʻO ka pōkole "nm" ma aneʻi ke kū nei no ka nanometer a he ʻāpana o ka lōʻihi he 1 biliona o ka mika a hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i nā ana ma kahi pālākiō atomic - no ka laʻana, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā mana i loko o nā mea paʻa. Ma nā ʻōlelo loea, akā naʻe, pili ia i kahi "node kaʻina". Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ana i ka mamao ma waena o nā transistors pili i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā kaʻina hana a e ana i ka nui maoli o kēia mau transistors. Nui nā hui chipset e like me TSMC, Samsung, Intel, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana nanometer i kā lākou hana hana. Hōʻike kēia i ka nui o nā transistors i loko o ka mea hana.
Hiki paha hoihoi oe
No ke aha ka emi ʻana o ka nm i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi
ʻO nā kaʻina hana he mau piliona o nā transistors a mālama ʻia i loko o kahi pahu hoʻokahi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao ma waena o nā transistors (i hōʻike ʻia ma ka nm), ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke kūpono i kahi ākea. ʻO ka hopena, ua pōkole ka mamao e hele ai nā electrons e hana i ka hana. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hana hoʻopili wikiwiki, ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana, ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka matrix ponoʻī, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai.
Photogallery
Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻohe kūlana maʻamau no ka helu ʻana o kahi waiwai nanometer. No laila, helu ʻia nā mea hana hana ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole like ka 10nm o TSMC me ka 10nm o Intel a me ka 10nm o Samsung. No ia kumu, ʻo ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka helu o ka nm i kekahi ʻano he helu kūʻai wale nō.
ʻO kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana
Hoʻohana ʻo Apple i ka chip A13 Bionic i kāna iPhone 3 series, ka iPhone SE 6rd generation akā ʻo ka iPad mini 15th generation, i hana ʻia me kahi kaʻina 5nm, e like me ka Google Tensor i hoʻohana ʻia i ka Pixel 6. ʻO kā lākou mau mea hoʻokūkū pololei ʻo Qualcomm's Snapdragon. 8 Gen 1, i hana ʻia me kahi kaʻina hana 4nm, a laila aia ʻo Samsung's Exynos 2200, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo 4nm. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia, ma waho aʻe o ka helu nanometer, aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hana o ka hāmeʻa, e like me ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka RAM, ka ʻāpana kiʻi i hoʻohana ʻia, ka wikiwiki o ka mālama ʻana, etc.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo A16 Bionic o kēia makahiki, ʻo ia ka puʻuwai o ka iPhone 14, e hana pū ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana 4nm. ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lehulehu e hoʻohana ana i ke kaʻina hana 3nm a hiki i ka hāʻule o kēia makahiki a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki aʻe. ʻO ke kūpono, e hahai ka hana 2nm, i hoʻolaha mua ʻia e IBM, e like me ka hāʻawi ʻana iā 45% kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a me 75% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻolālā 7nm. Akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana nui.
Hiki paha hoihoi oe
ʻO kekahi hoʻomohala ʻana o ka chip he photonics, kahi ma kahi o nā electrons e hele ana ma nā ala silika, e neʻe ana nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi o ka māmā (photons), e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. Akā i kēia manawa ʻo ia wale nō ke mele o ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kēia lā, hoʻolako pinepine nā mea hana i kā lākou mau mea hana me nā kaʻina hana ikaika ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ko lākou mana piha a i kekahi manawa hoʻi i kā lākou hana me nā hoʻopunipuni polokalamu like ʻole.
